PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Petroleum products

Petroleum products are important and useful materials obtained from crude oil (petroleum) as it is processed in oil refineries. Unlike petrochemicals, which are a collection of well-defined usually pure chemical compounds, petroleum products are complex mixtures. The majority of petroleum is converted to petroleum products, which includes several classes of fuels.

Going by the composition of the crude oil and depending on the demands of the market, refineries can produce different shares of petroleum products. The largest share of oil products is used as "energy carriers", i.e. various grades of fuel oil and gasoline. These fuels include or can be blended to give gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, heating oil and heavier fuel oils. Heavier (less volatile) fractions can also be used to produce asphalt, tar, paraffin wax, lubricating oils and other heavy oils. Refineries also produce other chemical some of which are used in chemical processes to produce plastics and other useful materials. Since petroleum often contains a few percent sulphur-containing molecules, elemental sulfur is also often produced as a petroleum product. Carbon, in the form of petroleum coke, and hydrogen may also be produced as petroleum products. The hydrogen produced is often used as an intermediate product for other oil refinery processes such as hydro−cracking and hydrodesulphurization

Categories

·         Major petroleum products of  refineries.

·         Special petroleum end products.

·         Petroleum By−products

Major petroleum products.

·         Asphalt                      

·         Diesel fuel

·         Fuel oils

·         Gasoline

·         Jet fuel

·         Kerosene

·         Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

·         Lubricating oils

·         Paraffin wax

·         Tar

·         Petrochemicals

Special  petroleum end products.

Oil refineries will blend various feed stocks, mix appropriate additives, provide short term storage, and prepare for bulk loading to trucks, barges, product ships, and railcars.

• Gaseous fuels such as propane, stored and shipped in liquid form under pressure in specialized railcars to distributors.
• Liquid fuels blending (producing automotive and aviation grades of gasoline, kerosene, various aviation turbine fuels, and diesel fuels, adding dyes, detergents, antiknock additives, oxygenates, and anti-fungal compounds as required). Shipped by barge, rail, and tanker ship. May be shipped regionally in dedicated pipeline to point consumers, particularly aviation jet fuel to major airports, or piped to distributors in multi-product pipelines using product separators called pipeline inspection gauge ("pigs").
• Lubricants (produces light machine oils, motor oils, and greases, adding viscosity stabilizers as required), usually shipped in bulk to an offsite packaging plant.
•  Paraffin wax, used in the packaging of frozen foods among others. May be shipped in bulk to a site to prepare as packaged blocks.
• Slack wax, a raw refinery output comprising a mixture of oil and wax used as a precursor for scale wax and paraffin wax and as-is in non-food products such as wax emulsions, construction board, matches, candles, rust protection, and vapor barriers.
•  Sulphur, byproduct of sulphur removal from petroleum, which contain percent of organosulphur compounds.
• Bulk tar shipping for offsite unit packaging for use in tar-and-gravel roofing or similar uses.
• Asphalt- used as a binder for gravel to form asphalt concrete which is used for paving roads, lots, etc. An asphalt unit prepares bulk asphalt for shipment.

·         Petroleum coke used in specialty carbon products such as certain types of electrodes or as solid fuel.

·         Petrochemicals or petrochemical feedstocks. Petrochemical are organic compounds that   are the ingredients for the chemical industry, ranging from polymers and pharmaceuticals. Representative petrochemicals are ethylene and benezene−toluene−xylenes("BTX").

Petroleum By-products

More than 6000 items are made from petroleum waste by-products including: Fertilizer, Linoleum, Perfume, Insecticide, Petroleum Jelly, Soap, Vitamin Capsules.